But how reliable is this translation from biological knowledge to the criminological domain? Is it possible to say, 'My brain made me do it'? To what extent?

Read this paper:

Straiton, J., & Lake, F. (2021). Inside the Brain of a Killer: The Ethics of Neuroimaging in a Criminal Conviction. BioTechniques, 70(2), 69–71. https://doi.org/10.2144/btn-2020-0171

Here is one abstract from it that raises important ethical and moral dilemmas:

'One notable and highly cited case is that of a 40-year-old schoolteacher. Otherwise healthy, he began to develop an interest in child pornography and displayed a marked increase in sexually deviant behavior. He was soon convicted of child molestation and sentenced to jail. The night before entering prison he complained of severe headaches and was taken to the emergency room where, following an MRI scan, it was revealed that he had a right orbitofrontal tumor. The tumor was removed, his behavior returned to normal and he was deemed safe to go home to his wife and stepdaughter. Several months later the sexually charged behavior returned and it was discovered that the tumor had regrown – it was again removed, and his behavior has remained as it was before ever since.'

Did the tumour make him do it?

Watch this video of UC Irvine neuroscientist James Fallon, who had already been studying the brains of psychopathic killers for years when his mother told him that he comes from a long line of murderers (including his infamous cousin, Lizzie Borden). After studying himself, Fallon discovered that he has two of the three ingredients for psychopathology.